http://wikiless.i2p/wiki/Sense_and_reference?lang=en
We must distinguish between the relation of reference, which holds between a proper name and the object it refers to, such as between the name 'Earth' and the planet Earth , and the relation of 'falling under', such as when the Earth falls under the concept planet . The relation of a proper name to the object it designates is direct, whereas a word like 'planet' does not have such a direct relation to the Earth; instead, it refers to a concept under which...